The 112 Methods

Does the claim hold? We took each tradition’s core methods and asked of each: does it map into one of the 112?

161 core methods · 15 traditions · 136 (84%) map in · 25 found no home in the 112.

The large majority of the canon maps cleanly in: across attention, breath, sound, gaze, void and dissolution, the 112 are a near-complete atlas, and most schools’ signature practices land squarely on a method. The exceptions are not noise — they fall into a few families the VBT simply does not contain:

So Shiva’s claim is strong but not literal. The 112 exhaust the paths of attention and energy to the witness — but not the paths that cultivate feeling, analytically dismantle the self, or deny that there is a self at all. Fittingly, the traditions that map in completely (Advaita, Kabbalah, Sufism, Christian contemplation, Krishnamurti) are those that, like tantra, seek a witnessing ground; the one that maps in least is Theravāda — the tradition built on its denial.

Theravada Buddhism — 5/13 map in

No home in the 112

5 that map in
  • Anapanasati (mindfulness of breathing) → #01
  • Samatha / Kasina / Jhana (single-object absorption) → #13
  • Vipassana (bare insight noting of arising/passing phenomena) → #78
  • Maranasati / charnel-ground contemplation (mindfulness of death) → #79
  • Upekkha Bhavana (equanimity, the fourth brahmavihara) → #66

Zen (Chan) Buddhism — 9/9 map in

9 that map in
  • Zazen / Shikantaza (just sitting; objectless choiceless awareness, neither following nor suppressing thoughts) → #62
  • Susokukan / Zuisokukan (counting, then following the breath) → #01
  • Koan introspection (sitting with an unanswerable question until conceptual mind collapses; absorbs Zen's 'Great Death') → #85
  • Hua-tou / wato ('Who is hearing?' — turning the light back to the source of knowing, huiguang fanzhao) → #88
  • Silent Illumination / Mozhao 默照 (Caodong/Soto: serene objectless awareness — silence plus luminosity) → #92
  • Kinhin (slow walking meditation between sitting periods) → #06
  • Samu (work practice — total absorption in labor as meditation) → #103
  • Sutra / dharani chanting (Heart Sutra, etc.) as meditative absorption → #39
  • Direct pointing — the shout (katsu 喝) and the stick (keisaku/kyosaku 警策) delivered at the peak of doubt → #25

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana / Dzogchen / Mahamudra) — 13/14 map in

No home in the 112

13 that map in
  • Deity Yoga (generation stage / Yidam practice) → #101
  • Tummo (Inner Heat Yoga / Chandali) → #70
  • Dream Yoga (Milam) → #75
  • Sleep Yoga / Yoga of Clear Light (of sleep) → #07
  • Phowa (Consciousness Transference at death) → #07
  • Mahamudra Vipashyana (looking at the nature of mind) → #86
  • Rigpa Recognition (Dzogchen direct introduction / pointing-out) → #62
  • Trekcho (Cutting Through to primordial purity / kadag) → #112
  • Togal (Crossing Over / sky-gazing for spontaneous luminosity) → #33
  • Chod (Severance / offering the body) → #79
  • Guru Yoga (merging with the teacher's mind) → #29
  • Shamatha / Calm Abiding (settling the mind, usually on the breath) → #01
  • Mantra recitation / Japa (deity mantra, e.g. OM MANI PADME HUM) → #42

Taoism (Daoist meditation) — 8/10 map in

No home in the 112

8 that map in
  • Zuowang (坐忘 — Sitting and Forgetting) → #85
  • Xin Zhai (心齋 — Heart/Mind Fasting, Listening with Qi) → #63
  • Shouyi (守一 — Guarding the One / lower-Dantian concentration) → #13
  • Taixi (胎息 — Embryonic Breathing) → #03
  • Neiguan (內觀 — Inner Observation) → #30
  • Wu / Xu Void Contemplation (meditating on primordial emptiness) → #112
  • Neidan ascending refinement (Jing → Qi → Shen through the spinal centers) → #70
  • Open-sky / boundless-space gazing (waixing/yuanguan — outward contemplation of the formless) → #33

Patanjali's Classical Yoga (Ashtanga / Raja Yoga) — 11/13 map in

No home in the 112

11 that map in
  • Kumbhaka / breath retention (the suspended-breath phase of pranayama) → #04
  • Pratyahara (withdrawal of the senses from their objects) → #15
  • Dharana (fixed one-pointed concentration on a single object/point) → #13
  • Dhyana (sustained, unbroken flow of meditation on one object) → #18
  • Samprajnata / savikalpa samadhi (absorption still bearing a seed/object) → #23
  • Asamprajnata / nirbija samadhi (seedless, supportless absorption; full nirodha) → #112
  • Pranava-japa -- AUM repetition with contemplation of its referent (japa + artha-bhavana, YS 1.27-28) → #39
  • Ishvara-pranidhana (surrender/devotion to Ishvara as a direct path to samadhi) → #29
  • Viveka-khyati (continuous discriminative discernment of Purusha the seer from Prakriti the seen) → #88
  • Asana (sthira-sukham asanam: a steady, comfortable seated posture as meditation's ground) → #98
  • Abhyasa-Vairagya -- specifically Vairagya (dispassion / non-attachment to objects of enjoyment, YS 1.12-16) → #26

Hatha & Kundalini Yoga — 8/14 map in

No home in the 112

8 that map in
  • Kumbhaka (breath retention / pranayama) → #04
  • Shambhavi Mudra (ajna / third-eye gaze-lock) → #05
  • Sushumna nadi (central channel) visualization → #14
  • Trataka (steady, unwavering, non-blinking gaze) → #13
  • Nada Yoga (inner sound / anahata nada) → #38
  • Mula Bandha (root lock / perineal contraction) → #46
  • Kundalini awakening / chakra-ascent visualization → #70
  • Yoga Nidra (conscious sleep / hypnagogic awareness) → #55

Advaita Vedanta — 10/10 map in

10 that map in
  • Atma Vichara (Self-Inquiry / 'Who Am I?') → #88
  • Neti Neti (Not This, Not This -- via negativa negation of all identifications) → #86
  • Sakshi Bhava (Pure Witness Consciousness -- abiding as the uninvolved witnessing Self) → #66
  • Nididhyasana (Unbroken Felt Contemplation of the Mahavakya -- feeling 'I am Brahman' rather than thinking it) → #87
  • Drg-Drishya Viveka (Seer-Seen Discrimination -- distinguishing the seeing consciousness from every instrument and object seen) → #63
  • Pancha Kosha Viveka (sequential de-identification through the nested sheaths toward the Atman beyond) → #82
  • Brahma Bhavana / Sarva-Brahma-Drishti (seeing all phenomena as condensed consciousness -- 'all is Brahman') → #107
  • Nirvikalpa Samadhi / Sahaja Nistha (thought-free, supportless abidance as pure awareness) → #112
  • Turiya / Avastha-Traya Viveka (threading recognition of the witnessing fourth through waking, dreaming, deep sleep -- Mandukya practice) → #75
  • Shravana (hearing the mahavakya / supreme teaching from the guru in receptive silence -- first anga of jnana-yoga) → #34

Bhakti / devotional Hinduism — 8/8 map in

8 that map in
  • Nama-Japa (silent/mental repetition of a divine name — Ram, Om Namah Shivaya, Hare Krishna maha-mantra) → #42
  • Nama-Sankirtana / Kirtan (communal or solo singing/chanting of divine names; bathing in continuous devotional sound until absorbed) → #38
  • Saguna Dhyana (visualization/meditation on the personal form of the chosen deity — Krishna, Rama, Shiva — held with loving, devotional gaze) → #18
  • Sravana (total receptive listening to scripture or harikatha with absorbed, eyes-stilling attention — paradigm: Parikshit listening to Shuka's Bhagavata for seven days) → #34
  • Sharanagati / Prapatti (complete self-surrender to the divine will as the primary practice — especially in Sri Vaishnavism; no technique beyond total self-giving) → #29
  • Bhava cultivation (deliberately inhabiting a specific devotional relational mood toward the deity — dasya/servant, sakhya/friend, vatsalya/parent-child, madhurya/lover — and permeating it until it saturates all of being) → #51
  • Manasa Puja (elaborate ritual worship performed entirely within the mind: mentally building the temple, inviting the deity, offering flowers, incense, food, light; the imagined offering held to be as real as the physical one) → #102
  • Namasmarana during activity (keeping the divine name or remembrance unbroken throughout all daily activities — the Supreme Bhakti of the Sant tradition, Ramana Maharshi, and Sivananda) → #06

Sufism — 8/10 map in

No home in the 112

8 that map in
  • Dhikr (Zikr) — rhythmic repetition of divine names → #42
  • Sama — contemplative listening to sacred music → #41
  • Muraqaba — heart-centered watchful (witnessing) meditation → #92
  • Sema — Mevlevi whirling / turning practice → #20
  • Fana — annihilation of the self in the divine (through devotional surrender) → #29
  • Lataif — sequential activation of subtle heart/body centers → #70
  • Rabita — bonding with the spiritual master by holding his form with loving attention → #18
  • Pas-e-anfas / Hosh dar dam — guarding awareness on every breath → #01

Christian contemplative (Hesychasm, Centering Prayer, apophatic) — 8/8 map in

8 that map in
  • Jesus Prayer / Prayer of the Heart (continuous invocation of the Name, descending from lips to mind to heart) → #42
  • Descent of the nous into the heart (bringing the mind down from the head into the heart-center and guarding it there) → #16
  • Nepsis (watchfulness/sobriety: intercepting logismoi at the prosbole stage, before conjunction or consent) → #64
  • Centering Prayer (Keating: sacred word as consent to God's presence, releasing every thought into open resting awareness) → #92
  • Via negativa / apophatic stripping (Pseudo-Dionysius, Eckhart, John of the Cross: negate every image and attribute of God) → #86
  • Cloud of Unknowing: naked intent of the will / blind stirring of love piercing the cloud toward the incomprehensible God → #29
  • Hesychia (cultivated interior stillness, inner silence, and freedom from conceptual supports) → #112
  • Theoria (contemplative vision of the uncreated divine light pervading all things) → #72

Kabbalah / Jewish mysticism — 11/11 map in

11 that map in
  • Hitbonenut — sustained loving contemplation of a single divine concept until absorption (hitpaalut) → #18
  • Hitbodedut — spontaneous personal spoken prayer/dialogue with God in solitude (Breslov) → #29
  • Devekut — cleaving to God; unbroken divine awareness maintained through all activities → #53
  • Divine Name meditation and Tzeruf — visualizing/vocalizing the Tetragrammaton and permuting Hebrew letters (Abulafia); also the meditative kavanot/yichudim on divine Names during prayer → #37
  • Merkavah / Hekhalot ascent — visualizing ascent through the seven celestial palaces to behold the divine throne → #70
  • Sefirot / Tree of Life contemplation — meditating on the ten divine emanations as the living luminous structure of reality → #72
  • Shema unification meditation — reciting the Shema with prolonged contemplation of Echad (One) → #39
  • Ayin meditation — dissolving into the pre-manifest divine Nothingness (Ein Sof / Ayin) → #112
  • Bitul — self-nullification before God; cultivating the felt sense of inner emptiness as a vessel → #109
  • Niggun — wordless repetitive sacred melody as meditative/devotional vehicle (Hasidic tradition) → #42
  • Avodah be-gashmiyut — serving God through the physical; sacred eating with intention to elevate the divine sparks in food (Baal Shem Tov / Hasidic) → #52

Gurdjieff's Fourth Way — 7/9 map in

No home in the 112

7 that map in
  • Self-Remembering (dual attention: hold 'I AM' while doing anything) → #53
  • Self-Observation (impartial watching of one's own functioning) → #88
  • The Stop Exercise → #25
  • Body Sensing (deliberate whole-body sensation / 'sensing of self') → #87
  • The Movements: Whirling Dances → #20
  • Working with Negative Emotions (neither express nor suppress; non-expression) → #64
  • Non-Identification (hold the inner center unchanged while the periphery changes) → #66

Jiddu Krishnamurti — 9/9 map in

9 that map in
  • Choiceless awareness → #62
  • Observer is the observed → #88
  • Passive/silent watching of thought without identification → #100
  • Complete/undivided attention (non-concentrative) → #89
  • Direct perception — seeing without the screen of the past → #32
  • Relationship as mirror for self-knowledge → #24
  • Inquiry through negation — understanding what is not → #86
  • Natural silence of the mind — not achieved by effort → #73
  • Observation without condemnation or justification (non-judgmental awareness) → #65

Modern secular (MBSR, Goenka Vipassana, TM, somatic / Reichian) — 10/11 map in

No home in the 112

10 that map in
  • Breath awareness / Anapana — observing the natural breath at the nostrils without regulating it (MBSR, Goenka) → #01
  • Body scan — systematic sweeping of attention through body parts, noting whatever sensations are present with non-judgmental awareness (MBSR, Goenka Vipassana) → #11
  • TM mantra technique — silently repeating a personal mantra with effortless ease, allowing it to become progressively subtler until it dissolves into silent pure awareness (TM) → #42
  • Open / choiceless awareness — sitting without a fixed object, receiving whatever arises in consciousness without preference (MBSR advanced sitting, open monitoring) → #62
  • Metta / Loving-kindness — deliberately cultivating the feeling of loving-kindness and radiating it outward in expanding circles (Goenka end-of-course, MBSR extensions) → #18
  • Equanimous sensation observation / anicca — observing every arising body sensation with equanimity, neither craving pleasant ones nor averting unpleasant ones, aware of their impermanence (Goenka Vipassana) → #59
  • Shaking / tremoring — allowing the body's spontaneous tremor or vibration response to arise and spread rather than suppressing it (TRE, Bodynamics, Reichian vegetative discharge) → #49
  • Somatic tracking / entering held body tension — directing voluntary, curious attention into sites of chronic muscular tension or somatic sensation rather than avoiding them (Somatic Experiencing, Reichian character-armoring work) → #21
  • Mindful eating (MBSR raisin exercise) — eating very slowly with full sensory attention to taste, texture and the act of eating → #52
  • Mindful walking — sustained present-moment attention to the kinesthetic sensations of each step (lifting, shifting, placing), gently returning when the mind wanders (MBSR / insight walking meditation) → #103

Jainism (Preksha) and Quaker silent worship — 11/12 map in

No home in the 112

11 that map in
  • Kayotsarga (body-abandonment) → #09
  • Shvasa Preksha (breath perception) → #01
  • Sharir Preksha (body-sensation perception) → #87
  • Antaryatra (internal journey / spinal traversal) → #70
  • Chaitanya Kendra Preksha (perception of psychic centers) → #05
  • Leshya Dhyana (perception of psychic colors) → #13
  • Anupreksha (auto-suggestion / contemplative reflection) → #101
  • Expectant waiting worship (gathered corporate silence) → #34
  • Centering down (active settling into interior stillness) → #85
  • Inward listening for the Inner Light / leadings → #108
  • Holding in the Light (loving intercessory attention) → #18